CBSE Class 12 Physics Lab Manual
- General Introduction
- Current Electricity—Sources and Accessories
- Measurement of Resistance
- To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current.
- To find resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the resistivity (specific resistance) of its material.
- To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.
- To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
- Measurement of Electromotive Force and Potential Difference
- To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using potentiometer.
- To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.
- Galvanometer, Ammeter and Voltmeter
- To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
- To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
- To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.
- Frequency of A.C. (Alternating Current) Mains
- To find the frequency of the AC mains with a sonometer.
- Activities
- To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
- To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using multimeter.
- To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.
- To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
- To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
- To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.
- Focal Length of Spherical Mirrors
- To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
- To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
- Focal Length of Spherical Lenses
- To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
- To find the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens.
- Refractive Index of Prism Material, Glass Slab and Transparent Liquid
- To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.
- To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
- To find the refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror.
- Semiconductor Diodes and Transistors
- To draw the I-V characteristic curve of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
- To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage.
- To study the characteristics of a common emitter npn (or pnp) transistor and to find out the values of current and voltage gains.
- Activities
- To identify a diode, an LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
- To use a multimeter to (a) identify base of transistor, (b) distinguish between npn and pnp type transistors, (c) see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED, (d) check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode, transistor or IC) is in working order.
- To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of he source) on an LDR.
- To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
- To observe polarisation of light using two polaroids.
- To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
- (a) To study the nature and size of the image formed by a convex lens on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens). (b) To study the nature and size of the image formed by a concave mirror on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the mirror).
- To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal.length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.